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Bottlenecks and recommendations

Recommendation(s) for All (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_03 - Poor involvement of experts

REC_03.1.01 - Raise awareness about the importance of standardisation and the benefits of participating in working groups through workshops and training sessions and to develop networks and platforms to connect potential experts with ongoing standardisation projects

REC_03.1.02 - Provide concrete case studies/real examples highlighting the added value of getting involved in standardisation

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_05 - Poor adoption and practicality of standards

REC_05.1.01 - Raise general awareness of the importance of standards adoption, e.g. through workshops and trainings

Bottleneck Group: Complexity and Navigation Challenges in Standards

BOTTL_06 - Low development speed

REC_06.1.01 - Raise general awareness for new emerging standardisation areas and their standards, e.g. through workshops and trainings

Recommendation(s) for Academic Institutions and Research Organisations (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_05 - Poor adoption and practicality of standards

REC_05.5.01 - Conduct research on the barriers to standards adoption and develop strategies to overcome these challenges

REC_05.5.02 - Develop educational programs and materials to help companies, especially SMEs, understand and apply standards effectively

REC_05.5.03 - Provide detailed technical documentation and support to help industries understand and trust the new standards

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.4.01 - Facilitate internships or cooperative education programs where students and researchers contribute to standardisation efforts, providing additional manpower without the full financial burden on companies.

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_10 - Low motivation and interest

REC_10.3.01 - Collaborate with industry to conduct research on the benefits of adopting standards, providing evidence-based insights

REC_10.3.02 - Integrate standardisation education into curricula for business and engineering programs

BOTTL_13 - Internal resistance and lack of support

REC_13.3.01 - Enhance recognition of contributions to standards within academic and research institutions

REC_13.3.02 - Promote the significance of standardisation alongside other forms of research output, encouraging greater support and involvement from employers

Bottleneck Group: Time Management and Efficiency Issues

BOTTL_11 - Inefficient information collection and sharing

REC_11.4.01 - Include training on standardisation and documentation practices in research methodology courses, ensuring that researchers understand the importance of accurately recording information on standards used in their projects

BOTTL_20 - Premature standardization efforts

REC_20.4.01 - Collaborate with industry partners to ensure academic research aligns with industry-ready TRL levels before pursuing standardisation

Bottleneck Group: Coordination and Harmonization Challenges

BOTTL_18 - Lack of consensus and conflicts of interest

REC_18.3.01 - Promote initiatives that enhance coordination between national and international standardisation bodies to harmonize standards and mitigate conflicts of interest

REC_18.3.02 - Facilitate forums and workshops to bring together diverse stakeholders to discuss and address issues of competitiveness and coordination in standardisation

REC_18.3.03 - Develop training programs to educate future standardisation professionals on the importance of coordination and conflict resolution in the standards development process

Recommendation(s) for Companies (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Complexity and Navigation Challenges in Standards

BOTTL_01 - Complexity of scope and landscape

REC_01.2.01 - Participate in relevant events and trainings

REC_01.2.02 - Consult similar projects with shared experience, e.g., on specific portals

REC_01.2.03 - Generate contacts with other companies involved in standardisation or relevant SDO/SSOs and their technical committees or working group

REC_01.2.04 - Seek support outside the company e.g. industry or SME associations

REC_01.2.05 - Build up in-house sustainability experts and, If standardisation has a growing impact on company activities, assign responsibility within the company to cover and address standardisation in daily business, including personnel development and project impact on standardisation groups

BOTTL_12 - Complexity of processes and bureaucracy

REC_12.2.01 - Advocate for greater transparency and accessibility within standardisation bodies, ensuring that companies have clear channels for obtaining information and support

REC_12.2.02 - Establish partnerships or collaborations with standardisation bodies to gain access to necessary information and resources (this can include e.g. participating in relevant working groups or committees within standardisation bodies)

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_02 - Poor transferability, low support, and missing education propositions

REC_02.2.01 - Actively utilize mechanisms of call for experts

REC_02.2.02 - Generate contacts with other companies involved in standardisation or relevant SDO/SSO to share information, also through industry associations

REC_02.2.03 - Inform themselves about the terms of participation in standardisation activities

REC_02.2.04 - Appoint representatives as members

REC_02.2.05 - Get in contact with SSO/SDO for clarification about the general process

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_03 - Poor involvement of experts

REC_03.3.01 - Become more proactive in mobilizing experts within the company to participate in standardisation activities

REC_03.3.02 - Use industry/sector associations to pool resources to assure representation in relevant standardisation work

REC_03.3.03 - To provide financial support to cover membership fees or tax incentives/exemptions on costs for participation

BOTTL_10 - Low motivation and interest

REC_10.2.01 - Establish internal committees or task forces dedicated to understanding and adopting relevant standards

REC_10.2.02 - Leverage corporate social responsibility initiatives to promote the adoption of standards as part of the company’s commitment to quality, safety, and sustainability

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.3.01 - Advocate for the integration of standardisation activities into regular business processes to ensure that such efforts are recognized and compensated as part of the company's strategic operations

REC_09.3.02 - Explore innovative funding models such as crowdfunding or sponsorships to raise funds specifically for standardisation activities

REC_09.3.03 - Seek the assistance of SME associations to get involved in standardisation (e.g. pool of funding of several companies to at least send a common representative)

BOTTL_14 - Lack of technical expertise

REC_14.2.01 - Invest in training programs for employees involved in standardisation efforts to enhance their understanding of compliant writing and formatting standards

REC_14.2.02 - Foster partnerships with SDOs/SSOs to gain access to resources and expertise that can support the development of standards for new topics

REC_14.2.03 - Allocate dedicated resources and time for employees to undergo training and education on compliant writing and formatting standards

Bottleneck Group: Time Management and Efficiency Issues

BOTTL_11 - Inefficient information collection and sharing

REC_11.3.01 - Invest in tools and technologies that facilitate the documentation and sharing of information on standards used internally, ensuring that this information is readily available for inclusion in research projects

BOTTL_15 - Slow maintenance and revision processes

REC_15.3.01 - Collaborate with standardisation bodies to incorporate feedback mechanisms, ensuring that standards are updated based on real-world usage and needs

REC_15.3.02 - Actively participate in testbed initiatives and provide timely feedback on standards to standardisation bodies, ensuring that standards remain relevant and responsive to their needs

Recommendation(s) for European Commission (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Complexity and Navigation Challenges in Standards

BOTTL_01 - Complexity of scope and landscape

REC_01.4.01 - Further fund projects with standardisation tasks.

BOTTL_21 - Verification process complexity

REC_21.3.01 - Conduct interim verification meetings to expedite the final verification process

REC_21.3.02 - Establish clear and detailed guidelines for compatibility requirements to streamline the verification process

REC_21.3.03 - Provide ongoing support and consultation to standards development experts to ensure alignment with European Community requirements

REC_21.3.04 - Implement a feedback loop during the development phase to address potential issues early on

REC_21.3.05 - Offer educational programs and workshops on the verification process regarding European harmonised standards

BOTTL_22 - Interconnected complexity of standards

REC_22.3.01 - Create an online platform where companies can easily access implementation guides and resources for complex standards

REC_22.3.02 - Implement a feedback mechanism for companies to report difficulties with specific standards, enabling continuous improvement

REC_22.3.03 - Encourage international collaboration to harmonize standards and reduce unnecessary complexity

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_03 - Poor involvement of experts

REC_03.5.01 - Support initiatives that facilitate the early formation of working groups in research projects to contribute to standardization

REC_03.5.02 - Provide funding and resources to incentivize participation in standardisation activities

REC_03.5.03 - Encourage academic institutions to recognize and reward participation in standardisation activities and to facilitate partnerships with industry to bring academic experts into standardisation efforts

BOTTL_04 - Lack of time

REC_04.3.01 - Be aware of the time constraints for standard development

REC_04.3.02 - Take time constraints into account in standardisation tasks during the proposal process, as usually it is not possible for a project to go through the entire SDL

REC_04.3.03 - Consults projects in the proposal phase or provide clear descriptions of required standardisation contributions

BOTTL_08 - Limited engagement of research projects

REC_08.3.01 - Provide clear directives and expectations for research projects, addressing the lack of incentives and structured guidance for contributing to standardisation

REC_08.3.02 - Establish funding incentives or grants specifically for research projects that actively contribute to standardisation efforts to explicitly motivate projects to engage more deeply in standardisation activities

REC_08.3.03 - Organize regular workshops and forums that bring together research projects, standardisation bodies, and other relevant stakeholders to discuss best practices, challenges, and collaborative opportunities in standardisation

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_05 - Poor adoption and practicality of standards

REC_05.4.01 - Raise general awareness regarding the importance of adopting of standards, e.g. through workshops and trainings

REC_05.4.02 - Organize targeted Coordination and Support Actions CSA activities, especially in the domain of circular economy, smart manufacturing and artificial intelligence

REC_05.4.03 - Consult projects on opportunities during the application phase

REC_05.4.04 - Clearly describe in the calls what is expected from projects in terms of standards adoption

REC_05.4.05 - Organize workshops, seminars, and public consultations to address industry concerns and highlight the benefits of new technologies

REC_05.4.06 - Establish clear regulatory frameworks that support the adoption of new technologies while ensuring their safety and reliability

Bottleneck Group: Coordination and Harmonization Challenges

BOTTL_17 - Coordination challenges within SDO/SSO committees

REC_17.3.01 - Support initiatives aimed at expanding existing coordination groups horizontally to other areas and vertically to enforce their recommendations among technical committees, fostering harmonization and coherence in European standardisation efforts

BOTTL_18 - Lack of consensus and conflicts of interest

REC_18.4.01 - Provide funding and support for projects that aim to resolve conflicts and enhance collaboration in the standardisation process

REC_18.4.02 - Trigger research on the impacts of competitiveness in standardisation and develop strategies to foster cooperation and mutual benefit among stakeholders

REC_18.4.03 - Encourage academic involvement in standardisation efforts to bring a neutral perspective and provide concrete recommendations or remedies

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_19 - Financial burden of frequent standard revisions

REC_19.3.01 - Support SMEs in acquiring and implementing new and revised standards

REC_19.3.02 - Promote the development of online platforms where SMEs can access summaries and key changes in standards, facilitating easier and more cost-effective updates

REC_19.3.03 - Develop training programs and workshops to help SMEs understand and implement new and revised standards efficiently

Bottleneck Group: Time Management and Efficiency Issues

BOTTL_20 - Premature standardization efforts

REC_20.3.01 - Promote awareness of the importance of TRL in standardisation processes through workshops and trainings

REC_20.3.02 - encourage projects to include TRL assessments in their standardisation strategies

REC_20.3.03 - Provide clear requirements and guidelines on the expected TRL for projects involving standardisation

REC_20.3.04 - Offer courses and trainings on TRL assessments and their importance in standardisation processes

Recommendation(s) for Government and Funding Agencies (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.6.01 - Create grant programs specifically aimed at supporting companies, especially SMEs, in their standardisation to cover expenses such as travel, participation fees, and necessary resources

REC_09.6.02 - Introduce tax incentives for companies actively participating in standardisation activities to offset some of the financial burden associated with voluntary contributions to standard development

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_10 - Low motivation and interest

REC_10.4.01 - Develop and promote public recognition programs that highlight companies adhering to standards, enhancing their market reputation

BOTTL_13 - Internal resistance and lack of support

REC_13.4.01 - Allocate funding to support companies' contributions to standardisation activities to help companies to invest more resources in standardisation efforts and recognize its importance for innovation and competitiveness

REC_13.4.02 - Provide guidance to companies on the benefits of standardisation and how it may contribute to the competitiveness and market relevance (e.g. including case studies, workshops, and industry-specific best practices)

Recommendation(s) for Industrial Associations (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.5.01 - Establish pooled funding mechanisms where multiple companies contribute to a common fund used to support standardisation activities

REC_09.5.02 - Organize joint ventures and collaborations among industry players to share the costs and benefits of participating in standardisation processes, making it more feasible for smaller companies to engage

BOTTL_19 - Financial burden of frequent standard revisions

REC_19.4.01 - Support SMEs in acquiring and implementing new and revised standards

REC_19.4.02 - Promote the development of online platforms where SMEs can access summaries and key changes in standards, facilitating easier and more cost-effective updates

REC_19.4.03 - Develop training programs and workshops to help SMEs understand and implement new and revised standards efficiently

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_13 - Internal resistance and lack of support

REC_13.2.01 - Allocate funding to support companies' contributions to standardisation activities to help companies to invest more resources in standardisation efforts and recognize its importance for innovation and competitiveness

REC_13.2.02 - Provide guidance to companies on the benefits of standardisation and how it may contribute to the competitiveness and market relevance (e.g. including case studies, workshops, and industry-specific best practices)

Recommendation(s) for Research Projects (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Complexity and Navigation Challenges in Standards

BOTTL_01 - Complexity of scope and landscape

REC_01.3.01 - Provide best practices, such as a one-stop shop like STAND4EU platform with links to existing best practices, particularly beneficial for SMEs

REC_01.3.02 - Mobilize experts to clarify processes and guide project partners

REC_01.3.03 - Consult similar projects with relevant shared experience

BOTTL_06 - Low development speed

REC_06.3.01 - Highlight the added-value of adopting the developed technical standard during the project

REC_06.3.02 - Encourage companies to contribute and adopt the developed standard from new standardisation areas also after the end of the project

BOTTL_12 - Complexity of processes and bureaucracy

REC_12.3.01 - Advocate for greater transparency and accessibility within standardisation bodies, ensuring that companies have clear channels for obtaining information and support

REC_12.3.02 - Establish partnerships or collaborations with standardisation bodies to gain access to necessary information and resources (this can include e.g. participating in relevant working groups or committees within standardisation bodies)

BOTTL_16 - Difficulty in aligning with emerging technologies and standards

REC_16.2.01 - Partner with SDO/SSOs to conduct comprehensive gap analyses, ensuring that proposed standards address relevant gaps in existing standards while avoiding duplication of effort

REC_16.2.02 - Engage in research to develop methodologies and tools for assessing gaps in standardisation, leveraging expertise in data analysis and modelling to identify areas for standardisation expansion effectively

BOTTL_21 - Verification process complexity

REC_21.2.01 - Integrate regular compatibility checks throughout the project lifecycle to ensure alignment with European standards and legislation requirements

REC_21.2.02 - Collaborate with the European standards organisations’ technical committees/working groups to receive guidance and feedback during the development process

REC_21.2.03 - Develop detailed documentation and evidence of compliance with European legislative requirements to facilitate the verification process

BOTTL_22 - Interconnected complexity of standards

REC_22.2.01 - Include tasks in project proposals dedicated to analysing and simplifying complex standard

REC_22.2.02 - Establish a network of experts to provide ongoing support and advice on standard implementation

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_02 - Poor transferability, low support, and missing education propositions

REC_02.3.01 - Become more proactive in mobilizing experts who can clarify the processes and guide the project partners

REC_02.3.02 - To create interest groups to attract experts to discussions and preparation

REC_02.3.03 - To consult similar projects with relevant shared experience, e.g., via specific portals or CSA tasks

REC_02.3.04 - Organize capacity building workshops or training sessions to educate project partners about standardisation processes, requirements, and benefits

BOTTL_05 - Poor adoption and practicality of standards

REC_05.3.07 - Include partners in the consortium who are experts in standardisation matters

REC_05.3.08 - Organize separate tasks for standardisation to facilitate exchange, harmonize content, help to adopt standards, and contribute outcomes to standardisation

REC_05.3.09 - Address the matter of adoption in the proposal phase and elaborate on the plan

REC_05.3.10 - Emphasize the added value of adopting the developed technical standard during the project

REC_05.3.11 - Encourage companies to adopt the developed standard after the end of the project to maintain their commitment

REC_05.3.12 - Collaborate closely with industry partners to align research outcomes with industry needs and build trust

REC_05.3.13 - Include demonstration and validation phases in research projects to showcase the reliability and effectiveness of new technologies

REC_05.3.14 - Develop comprehensive risk assessments and mitigation strategies for new technologies to address industry concerns

BOTTL_07 - Inadequate training and support programs

REC_07.2.01 - To use the training programs

REC_07.2.02 - Proactively submit specific requirements to SDO/SSO or European Commission to improve their proposals for training programs

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_03 - Poor involvement of experts

REC_03.4.01 - To form a group of experts within the project before or immediately during the proposal phase

REC_03.4.02 - Get in contact with the relevant technical committees or working groups at an early stage of the proposal

REC_03.4.03 - Discuss the details and get assistance in identifying the right technical committee/working group

REC_03.4.04 - Consider liaison possibilities and address this problem during the project conception, as this process may take time to be approved

BOTTL_04 - Lack of time

REC_04.2.01 - Be realistic about the possible timeframe for contributions

REC_04.2.02 - Consider alternative deliverables that can be produced faster than a common standard, such as. CWA or technical reports

BOTTL_08 - Limited engagement of research projects

REC_08.2.01 - Implement awareness and training in research projects to improve the contribution and adoption of research partners

REC_08.2.02 - Integrate standardisation goals into the project planning phase and allocate specific resources (time and budget) for standardisation activities to ensure that standardisation is considered a key outcome from the outset

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.2.01 - Ensure that project consortia properly plan and budget for standardisation activities when preparing proposal, which should include: costs for buying standards, payment of participation fees, covering travel expenses for attending standardisation meetings

REC_09.2.02 - Develop structured onboarding processes for new experts joining mid-project to ensure they can quickly understand the context and contributions made so far, minimizing disruptions and maintaining project momentum

BOTTL_19 - Financial burden of frequent standard revisions

REC_19.2.01 - Allocate budget specifically for the acquisition of standards and updates in project proposals to ensure that participating SMEs can access the necessary documents

REC_19.2.02 - Collaborate with SDOs/SSOs to provide feedback on the challenges faced by SMEs in accessing and implementing revised standards, advocating for more SME-friendly policies

Bottleneck Group: Time Management and Efficiency Issues

BOTTL_11 - Inefficient information collection and sharing

REC_11.2.01 - Conduct a survey at the beginning of a project to collect relevant information from the partners

REC_11.2.02 - Implement a standardized template or database to collect and manage information on the standards used by project partners

REC_11.2.03 - Ensure that all partners contribute to and have access to such centralized standards collecting repository

BOTTL_15 - Slow maintenance and revision processes

REC_15.2.01 - Collaborate with standardisation bodies to incorporate feedback mechanisms, ensuring that standards are updated based on real-world usage and needs

REC_15.2.02 - Actively participate in testbed initiatives and provide timely feedback on standards to standardisation bodies, ensuring that standards remain relevant and responsive to their needs

BOTTL_20 - Premature standardization efforts

REC_20.2.01 - Evaluate the TRL of technologies involved in the project to ensure alignment with standardisation efforts

REC_20.2.02 - Collaborate with SDOs/SSOs to synchronize project timelines with appropriate TRL milestones

REC_20.2.03 - Focus on advancing the TRL before proposing new standards to ensure they are practical and widely adoptable

Bottleneck Group: Coordination and Harmonization Challenges

BOTTL_17 - Coordination challenges within SDO/SSO committees

REC_17.2.01 - Collaborate with SDOs/SSOs to ensure that proposed standards address emerging aspects in the new standardisation areas in a correct way, i.e. avoiding overlapping in standards and leveraging research findings to inform and enrich the standardisation process

BOTTL_18 - Lack of consensus and conflicts of interest

REC_18.2.01 - Collaborate with SDOs/SSOs and other research projects to align standardisation efforts, share knowledge, and avoid duplication of efforts

REC_18.2.02 - Include provisions in project management plans to monitor and address potential competitiveness among project partners and stakeholders

REC_18.2.03 - Develop best practices to ensure that the standardisation process is not influenced unduly by individual organizational interests

Recommendation(s) for SDO/SSOs (target group)

Bottleneck Group: Complexity and Navigation Challenges in Standards

BOTTL_01 - Complexity of scope and landscape

REC_01.1.01 - Reduce the complexity of the standardisation landscape and provide a general overview across all bodies on one specific topic and current activities

REC_01.1.02 - Provide helpful tools and explanations, if missing on navigating the standards system

REC_01.1.03 - Harmonize terminology deviations across SDO/SSOs

REC_01.1.04 - Improve the public availability of information about the scope of work of technical committees and groups

REC_01.1.05 - Provide clear information on how domains and subdomains are organised

REC_01.1.06 - Prepare relevant explanatory events and enhance visibility of existing trainings, proactively inviting companies to join

REC_01.1.07 - Create more transparency on decisions made regarding standards under development or in a preparatory stage and clarify their amendment processes

REC_01.1.08 - Provide clear information about contacts able to clarify the scope or other relevant questions

REC_01.1.09 - Establish interfaces within the scope of each group to identify gaps transparently and ensure existing standards that can fill this gap are recognized

REC_01.1.10 - Implement automated tools for document management and version control to enhance efficiency

REC_01.1.11 - Establish dedicated support teams or help desks to assist stakeholders with navigating the standardisation scope and landscape or clarify difference between standards and regulations

BOTTL_06 - Low development speed

REC_06.1.02 - Make standards more practical and easier to adopt

REC_06.2.01 - Investigate the reasons that slowdown the development of the standards compared to the technical development

REC_06.2.02 - Make frequent reviews for possible overlaps with existing standards, especially in such areas as additive manufacturing and circular economy

REC_06.2.03 - Provide a dedicated support line (e.g. depending on the reasons for slow development) for working groups in emerging topics or areas to speed up the development of standards

REC_06.2.04 - Work with quick deliverables (e.g. technical reports, CWA, PAS) as a reference document to make an easy start for the adoption of the standards

REC_06.2.05 - Involve companies in the standardisation process that are interested in adopting a standard

REC_06.2.06 - Support the development of the technical standard at an early stage and provide quick feedback from a technical perspective (agile development), e.g. see LNI 4.0 as a testbed for testing standards at German level

BOTTL_12 - Complexity of processes and bureaucracy

REC_12.1.01 - Shorten the response time for requests from members, ensuring timely and efficient communication

REC_12.1.02 - Make it easier for individuals and organizations not involved with SDOs to request and obtain information

REC_12.1.03 - Provide direct access to information or designate a contact person specifically for non-members

BOTTL_16 - Difficulty in aligning with emerging technologies and standards

REC_16.1.01 - Foster communication between different technical committees by establishing targeted liaisons to analyse and prioritize gaps in standards, facilitating collaboration and alignment across diverse areas of expertise

BOTTL_21 - Verification process complexity

REC_21.1.01 - Facilitate regular communication and collaboration between the SDO/SSO and the European Commission

REC_21.1.02 - Develop and implement standardized templates and checklists for compatibility verification

BOTTL_22 - Interconnected complexity of standards

REC_22.1.01 - Simplify complex standards by reducing dependencies on other standards where possible

REC_22.1.02 - Create comprehensive implementation guides that deconstruct the complexity of the standards and clarify all dependencies

REC_22.1.03 - Develop and provide user-friendly tools and resources to help companies navigate the interconnected standards

REC_22.1.04 - Establish a dedicated support team to assist companies, particularly SMEs, in understanding and implementing complex standards

Bottleneck Group: Support and Education Deficiencies

BOTTL_02 - Poor transferability, low support, and missing education propositions

REC_02.1.01 - Prepare relevant explanatory events

REC_02.1.02 - Review existing explanations or provide detail explanations regarding terms of participation in standardisation activities

REC_02.1.03 - Provide clear information about related contacts able to clarify terms of participation and contribution or other relevant questions

REC_02.1.04 - Implement a "step-by-step" approach towards adopting a standard in a new type of technology to save resources at an early stage of adoption

REC_02.1.05 - Proactively inform new members about internal regulations and guidelines providing relevant links on the platform to support them in developing a standard

REC_02.1.06 - Provide helpful tools and explanations on how to navigate the standards system to access the standard

REC_02.1.07 - Foster collaborative partnerships between companies, research projects, academia, and SDOs/SSOs to collectively address challenges, share resources, and streamline standardisation efforts

REC_02.1.08 - Establish a feedback mechanism to continuously gather input from stakeholders on their experiences with standardisation processes, allowing for ongoing improvements and optimizations

BOTTL_05 - Poor adoption and practicality of standards

REC_05.2.01 - Involve companies interested in adopting a standard early into standardisation process to ensure their concerns and requirements are addressed

REC_05.2.02 - Support the standard development process with provision of testbeds for technical developments

REC_05.2.03 - Use supportive (digital) tools to collect quick feedback from industry on the practicality of the standard to speed up their adoption

REC_05.2.04 - Facilitate multilingual support and resources to overcome language barriers in the adoption of standards

REC_05.2.05 - Establish and communicate transparent, rigorous testing and validation procedures to build industry trust in new technologies

REC_05.2.06 - Develop pilot programs and case studies demonstrating the reliability and benefits of new technologies

BOTTL_07 - Inadequate training and support programs

REC_07.1.01 - More structured, targeted training and support e.g. depending on sector-specific requirements, according to specific research project groups, etc.

REC_07.1.02 - Update existing improve existing training programs and provide more tailored training, some examples are the ASTM Centre of Excellence and CEN or training, the Digital Europe Programme / Innovation Hubs and other initiatives

REC_07.1.03 - Create a central platform/access point/catalogue (e.g. the STAND4EU portal) as the central means to provide information on existing training that is visible to all stakeholders

REC_07.1.04 - Collect the requirements from different stakeholders about missing training propositions repeatedly

Bottleneck Group: Engagement and Participation Hurdles

BOTTL_03 - Poor involvement of experts

REC_03.2.01 - Become more proactive in mobilizing external and internal experts to support the working group

REC_03.2.02 - Provide mechanisms for contacting and getting involved in discussions with the relevant technical committees or working groups at an early stage of a standard

REC_03.2.03 - Provide clear information on terms of participation in standardisation activities as well as other related contacts

REC_03.2.04 - Rethink the liaison procedure to establish better relations to research projects, as these activities often need to be completed within the project timeframe

REC_03.2.05 - Promote a sufficient number and diversity of experts within a working group

BOTTL_04 - Lack of time

REC_04.1.01 - Reduce the general complexity of the stages without compromising important aspects

REC_04.1.02 - Use the time between receiving comments and meetings to collaboratively address comments with stakeholders using digital tools (the actual meeting can be used to discuss the "big" issues)

REC_04.1.03 - Simplify the commenting process that often depends on the standard development process of the organisation

REC_04.1.04 - Reduce the number of development stages to streamline the process

REC_04.1.05 - Shorten balloting time, especially for international standards

REC_04.1.06 - Simplify the voting process on documents to save time and reduce complexity

REC_04.1.07 - Simplify the process for scheduling meetings to ensure timely participation of stakeholder representatives

REC_04.1.08 - Implement automated tools for document management and version control to enhance efficiency

REC_04.1.09 - Offer training and workshops to stakeholders on efficient participation in standardisation processes

REC_04.1.10 - Establish dedicated support teams or help desks to assist stakeholders with navigating the standardisation process

REC_04.1.11 - Encourage proactive engagement from stakeholders by providing incentives or recognition for timely contributions

REC_04.1.12 - Advocate for the allocation of adequate resources and funding to support efficient standardisation processes

BOTTL_08 - Limited engagement of research projects

REC_08.1.01 - Contact research projects (especially European) and to encourage them to contribute to standardisation, fostering collaboration and participation

REC_08.1.02 - Create mentorship programs where experienced members of SDOs/SSOs guide research projects through the standardisation process, as such hands-on support can help bridge the gap in understanding and participation

REC_08.1.03 - Develop and provide comprehensive resources and toolkits specifically designed for research projects to navigate the standardisation process efficiently

BOTTL_10 - Low motivation and interest

REC_10.1.01 - Organize workshops, seminars, and webinars focused on the benefits and processes of implementing standards

REC_10.1.02 - Develop comprehensive toolkits and guidelines that simplify the implementation process

REC_10.1.03 - Offer free or subsidized training programs to build the necessary expertise within companies

BOTTL_13 - Internal resistance and lack of support

REC_13.1.01 - Conduct campaigns, training sessions, and networking events to communicate the added and strategic value of standardisation. Include best practices in campaign materials to demonstrate the benefits of participating in standardisation efforts.

Bottleneck Group: Resource and Funding Constraints

BOTTL_09 - Lack of resources and funding

REC_09.1.01 - Replace presence meetings, if possible, with online meetings to reduce costs of participation and to open the possibility for other participants to attend

REC_09.1.02 - Provide financial resources and funding to participants of working groups and technical committees to develop standards that cover e.g. costs related to participation, such as travel expenses and other participation fees as well as acquisition of necessary materials and resources

REC_09.1.03 - Establish and fund testbeds that collaborate with companies to test standards that have significant policy impacts

REC_09.1.04 - Implement a tiered participation fee structure (where a fee is requested)e.g. based on company size and financial capacity to make participation more affordable for SMEs and encourage broader involvement

REC_09.1.05 - Develop partnerships with larger corporations or SME associations that could sponsor SMEs or provide financial support for their participation in standardisation activities, fostering a collaborative environment

BOTTL_14 - Lack of technical expertise

REC_14.1.01 - Provide specific trainings and guidelines related to writing standardisation proposals to ensure alignment with existing standards and avoid overlap

REC_14.1.02 - Offer toolkits for easy searching and reviewing of existing standards, facilitating the identification of relevant standards and best practices

REC_14.1.03 - Provide a common vocabulary for technical terms, ontologies and semantics prior to the development of a to promote a shared understanding among experts involved in the standardisation process

REC_14.1.04 - Develop online resources and forums where experts can access best practices, templates, and case studies related to standardisation writing, enabling them to learn from successful examples and improve their own practices

BOTTL_19 - Financial burden of frequent standard revisions

REC_19.1.01 - Provide qualitative standards to support easy adoption of standards

REC_19.1.02 - Implement tiered pricing models or subscription services that allow SMEs to access updated standards at a reduced cost

REC_19.1.03 - Offer summary documents or change logs highlighting major revisions, enabling SMEs to quickly assess the impact of updates without needing to purchase the entire standard

Bottleneck Group: Time Management and Efficiency Issues

BOTTL_11 - Inefficient information collection and sharing

REC_11.1.01 - Provide guidance and resources to research projects on best practices for documenting and sharing information on standards used by partners (e.g. STAND4EU postal)

BOTTL_15 - Slow maintenance and revision processes

REC_15.1.01 - To use digital tools to collect the feedback from enabling a more interactive and efficient maintenance process

REC_15.1.02 - To reduce the number of revisions by supporting the maintenance of a standard through the establishment of testbeds where industrial organisations can adopt the standard early on, providing quick feedback from a technical perspective, akin to agile development methodologies

BOTTL_20 - Premature standardization efforts

REC_20.1.01 - Assess the TRL during the orientation or proposal phase to ensure the technology is mature enough for standardisation

REC_20.1.02 - Avoid developing standards too early to prevent poor adoption by the industry

REC_20.1.03 - Establish clear guidelines on the appropriate TRL for initiating standardisation activities

Bottleneck Group: Coordination and Harmonization Challenges

BOTTL_17 - Coordination challenges within SDO/SSO committees

REC_17.1.01 - Establish an advisory board to provide guidance and assistance in addressing overlapping and existing proposals, as well as identifying gaps in standards

REC_17.1.02 - Develop roadmaps at the European level, modelled after successful examples at the national level (e.g., DIN/DKE Standardisation Roadmap for Industry 4.0), to guide the standardisation process and ensure alignment with strategic objectives

REC_17.1.03 - Overcome the lack of coordination between different technical committees by creating coordination groups, such as additive manufacturing coordination group, to enhance collaboration and streamline standards development processes

REC_17.1.04 - Encourage the use of digital collaboration platforms and tools within SDO/SSO committees to facilitate communication and document sharing, improving efficiency and transparency in standards development processes

BOTTL_18 - Lack of consensus and conflicts of interest

REC_18.1.01 - Increase the visibility of SDO portals with public enquiries to gather more feedback and comments at an early stage

REC_18.1.02 - Publish new work items and new areas of standardisation and actively contact relevant stakeholders at the beginning of the standardisation process to ensure transparency and prevent overlap

REC_18.1.03 - Establish coordination groups to facilitate better communication and collaboration between different technical committees and between national and international SDOs

REC_18.1.04 - Implement mechanisms to manage conflicts of interest and ensure balanced representation from different stakeholders, including different sizes of companies and countries

Recommendations for Cross Cutting Domains

REC_01.2.01 - Participate in relevant events and trainings

REC_01.2.02 - Consult similar projects with shared experience, e.g., on specific portals

REC_01.2.04 - Seek support outside the company e.g. industry or SME associations

REC_01.2.05 - Build up in-house sustainability experts and, If standardisation has a growing impact on company activities, assign responsibility within the company to cover and address standardisation in daily business, including personnel development and project impact on standardisation groups

REC_03.1.02 - Provide concrete case studies/real examples highlighting the added value of getting involved in standardisation

REC_03.2.03 - Provide clear information on terms of participation in standardisation activities as well as other related contacts

REC_04.1.01 - Reduce the general complexity of the stages without compromising important aspects

REC_04.1.04 - Reduce the number of development stages to streamline the process

REC_05.1.01 - Raise general awareness of the importance of standards adoption, e.g. through workshops and trainings

REC_05.5.01 - Conduct research on the barriers to standards adoption and develop strategies to overcome these challenges

REC_05.5.02 - Develop educational programs and materials to help companies, especially SMEs, understand and apply standards effectively

REC_05.5.03 - Provide detailed technical documentation and support to help industries understand and trust the new standards

REC_08.1.01 - Contact research projects (especially European) and to encourage them to contribute to standardisation, fostering collaboration and participation

REC_09.3.02 - Explore innovative funding models such as crowdfunding or sponsorships to raise funds specifically for standardisation activities

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Contribution of R&I projects to standardisation

Contribution of project to standardisation

Standardisation via European Standardisation Organisations

Registered work item leading to CEN-CENELEC Workshop Agreement (CWA) or ETSI GSs (Group Specifications)

Registered work item leading to EN (European Norm), TS (Technical Specification), TR (Technical Report)

Standardisation via International Standardisation Organisations (ISO, IEC, ITU-T)

Standardisation via other Standards Developing Organisations (SDO) (eg. W3C, IEEE, ASTM, etc..)

Standards, technical committees and working groups

Standards according to SDOs

CEN/TC 459 ECISS - European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization

CEN/TC121 Welding and allied Processes

CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing

CEN/TC 319 Maintenance

CEN/CLC/JTC 13 : Cybersecurity and Data Protection

CLC/TC 44X - Safety of machinery: electrotechnical aspects

CLC/TC 65X : Industrial-process measurement, control and automation

CEN Workshop Agreements (CWA)

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO/TC 44 Welding and allied processes

ISO/TC 61 Plastics

ISO/TC 108 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring

ISO/TC 130 Graphic technology

ISO/TC 154 Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry, and administration

ISO/TC 159 Ergonomics

ISO/TC 173 Assistive products

ISO/TC 176 Quality management and quality assurance

ISO/TC 184 Automation systems and integration

ISO/TC 199 Safety of machinery

ISO/TC 207 Environmental management

ISO/TC 261 Additive manufacturing

ISO/TC 210 Quality management and corresponding general aspects for products with a health purpose including medical devices

ISO/TC 262 Risk management

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IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)

IEC TC 2 Rotating machinery

IEC TC 3 - Documentation, graphical symbols and representations of technical information

IEC TC 8 System aspects of electrical energy supply

IEC TC 22 Power electronic systems and equipment

IEC TC 44 - Safety of machinery - Electrotechnical aspects

IEC TC 56 - Dependability

IEC TC 65 Industrial-process measurement and control and automation

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE 1686-2013 - IEEE Standard for Intelligent Electronic Devices Cyber Security Capabilities

IEEE 802.11 Standards - IEEE 802.11 Standards

IEEE 802.15.4-2020 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks

IEEE 802.1AS-2020 - IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications

IEEE P2413:2019 - Architectural Framework for the Internet of Things (IoT)

IEEE 1589-2020 - IEEE Standard for Augmented Reality Learning Experience Model

IEEE 1934-2018: IEEE Standard for Adoption of OpenFog Reference Architecture for Fog Computing

DIN SPEC 27070:2020 - Requirements and reference architecture of a security gateway for the exchange of industry data and services

DIN SPEC 27070:2020 - Requirements and reference architecture of a security gateway for the exchange of industry data and services

DIN SPEC 91406:2019-12 - Automatic identification of physical objects and information on physical objects in IT systems, particularly IoT systems

DIN SPEC 92001-1:2019-04 - Artificial Intelligence -Life Cycle Processes and Quality Requirements -Part 1: Quality Metamodel

DIN SPEC 92001-2 - Artificial Intelligence - Life Cycle Processes and Quality Requirements - Part 2: Robustness

DIN SPEC 16592:2016 - Combining OPC Unified Architecture and Automation Markup Language.

DIN SPEC 13266:2020-04 - Guideline for the development of deep learning image recognition systems

DIN SPEC 2343:2020-09 - Transmission of language-based data between artificial intelligences - Specification of parameters and formats

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA)

NIST 800.82

NIST CyberSecurity Framework (Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity)

NISTIR 8183 - Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1 Manufacturing Profile

NISTIR 8259 - Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for IoT Device Manufacturers

ETSI TS 103 410-5 SAREF4INMA

ETSI SAREF

ETSI M2M

ETSI EN 303 645 - CYBER - Cyber Security for Consumer Internet of Things: Baseline Requirements

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

ANSI/MTC1.4-2018 - MTConnect

B11.0 - 2020 - Safety of Machinery

B11.Tr10—202x - Functional Safety of Artificial Intelligence for Machinery Applications

OPC 40501-1 - UA CS for Machine Tools Part 1 - Monitoring and Job (ZIP/PDF)

OPC 10000-14: OPC Unified Architecture PubSub

VDMA 40001-1: OPC UA for Machinery

Object Management Group (OMG)

OMG: Data-Distribution Service (DDS) for Real-Time Systems Standard

OMG – Eclipse Foundation

ASTM International

ASTM/F42 Additive Manufacturing Technologies

ASTM/E60 Sustainability

ITU

Swedish Institute for Standards, SIS

SIS Sweden WG Connectivity, sensors and modelling

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BSI TDW/004/08 Technical Product Realization

BSI TDW/004/07 Technical Product Realization for BS/8887 Design for MADE

BSI TDW/4/08 Technical Product Realization

BSI TDW/4/07 Technical Product Realization

BSI Joint Working Group Education

BSI BS/ 8888 Technical Product Specification

BSI AMT/08 UK National AM standards committee

Other standards or related resources

3MF Consortium: 3D Manufacturing Format (3MF)

WIB

EEMUA

Vulnerability databases & Responsible Disclosure - IOC/CVE - ATT&CK

Software Bill of Materials – SBOM

Reference Integrity Manifest – RIM, & RIMM

Y.ccrm - Cloud computing - Framework of risk management

CIS Controls – ICS

ENISA Industrial CybersSecurity developments & CyberAct Certification

ENISA Good Practices for Security of Internet of Things in the context of Smart Manufacturing

Metamodel Asset Administration Shell for Security

Access control for Industrie 4.0 components for application by manufacturers, operators and integrators

Open Web Application Security Project® Foundation (OWASP)

Namur, WG 4.18 Automation Security

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Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) – Consensus Assessment Initiative Questionnaire (CAIQ)

STAND4EU Domains

Additive manufacturing (STAND4EU)

Welding (STAND4EU)

Smart Manufacturing (STAND4EU)

Circular Economy (STAND4EU)